Case Detail

FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Trevor McFadden has ruled that the Department of State failed to show that it denial of Zead Khalaf Ibrahim's application for resettlement in the United States as part of the Iraqi Resettlement Program qualifies as the denial of a permit under Exemption 3 (other statutes). Ibrahim, an American sympathizer during the invasion of Iraq, ran a grocery store in Iraq. Because of death threats, he was forced to relocate to Jordan, where he applied for the Iraqi resettlement program. His application was denied, although he was recognized as refugee by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. He asked the State Department to reconsider his application, arguing that his diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder explained his inability to recall details consistently. State denied his request for reconsideration as well. Ibrahim then submitted FOIA requests for records concerning the agency's denial of his resettlement application. State claimed many of the records were protected under 8 U.S.C. § 1222(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, a recognized Exemption 3 statute pertaining to denials and revocations of visas. McFadden reviewed the disputed documents in camera and by the time he ruled in the case, the agency had abandoned its claim that Ibrahim had applied for a visa, but insisted that 222(f) also covered permits to enter the U.S. Finding that the agency had cited no statutory authority for its claim, McFadden noted that "a declaration by an interested party cannot establish legal conclusions and does not adequately prove that Exemption 3 applies to records related to Resettlement Applications. Ultimately, legal conclusions about the scope of a statute are the province of the courts, not bureaucrats." He indicated that the cases cited by State "do not establish a preference for broad interpretations of the statute's coverage or of the term 'permit.'" He explained that "to interpret the word 'permits' as expansively as the Department suggests would render the word 'visas' superfluous: Since a visa conveys a permission to enter the United States, the Department's reading would make a visa a type of permit. The statute's reference to visas would therefore add nothing to its protection of records pertaining to the issuance or refusal of permits." He added that "the simple fact that a Resettlement Application seeks 'permission to travel to the United States through a letter issued by the Department of State' is not enough to establish that it is a permit. And the Department has not identified any specific type of permit created by a statute or regulation that issues upon approval of a Resettlement Application or that is denied upon rejection of a Resettlement Application." Ibrahim argued that asylum assessment notes made by a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service asylum officer were not protected by Exemption 5 (privileges) because they were primarily factual and not deliberative. McFadden found the majority of the notes were protected because factual material was intertwined with deliberative material. But he pointed out that the agency's assessment of Ibrahim's request for reconsideration was not protected because it constituted the agency's final decision. State also withheld some records under Exemption 7(E) (investigative methods and techniques). Here, McFadden found that a document prepared by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees did not qualify for the exemption. He pointed out that the agency "ignores Mr. Ibrahim's observation that a document prepared by a non-governmental, non-law-enforcement organization to analyze whether a person meets that organization's definition of a refugee is not a document prepared 'for law enforcement purposes.'" However, McFadden indicated that 7(E) applied to USCIS's Refugee Application Assessment, noting that "unlike the UNHCR, the USCIS is a law enforcement agency." McFadden found that 7(E) did not apply to USCIS's assessment of Ibrahim's request for reconsideration. McFadden pointed out that "rather than disclosing sensitive law enforcement techniques, the assessment provides a high-level view of the case. . .Disclosure of this information would not risk circumvention of the law, and Exemption 7(E) therefore does not apply."
Issues: Exemption 3 - Statutory prohibition of disclosure, Exemption 5 - Privileges, Exemption 7(E) - Prosecutorial guidelines - Risk of circumvention

Date Filed	Doc #	Docket Text
2016-06-27	1	COMPLAINT against UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE ( Filing fee $ 400 receipt number 0090-4581983) filed by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Civil Cover Sheet, # 5 Summons, # 6 Summons, # 7 Summons)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 06/27/2016)
2016-06-27	2	ERRATA by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM 1 Complaint, filed by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM. (Attachments: # 1 Errata)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 06/27/2016)
2016-06-27		Case Assigned to Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly. (md) (Entered: 06/28/2016)
2016-06-28	3	ORDER Establishing Procedures for Cases Assigned to Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on June 28, 2016. (NS) (Entered: 06/28/2016)
2016-06-29	4	SUMMONS (3) Issued Electronically as to UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (Attachments: # 1 Consent Form)(sb) (Entered: 06/29/2016)
2016-07-13	5	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE served on 7/8/2016 (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Affidavit of Service and Summons)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 07/13/2016)
2016-07-13	6	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed on United States Attorney General. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney General 07/06/2016. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Affidavit of Service and Summons)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 07/13/2016)
2016-07-13	7	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed as to the United States Attorney. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney on 7/6/2016. Answer due for ALL FEDERAL DEFENDANTS by 8/5/2016. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Affidavit of Service and Summons)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 07/13/2016)
2016-07-28	8	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint, by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 07/28/2016)
2016-07-29		MINUTE ORDER granting Defendant's 8 Consent Motion for Extension of Time In Which to File Its Answer. Defendant shall file its response to the Complaint no later than SEPTEMBER 8, 2016. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 7/29/2016. (lcckk2) (Entered: 07/29/2016)
2016-07-29		Set/Reset Deadlines: Answer due by 9/8/2016. (dot) (Entered: 07/29/2016)
2016-09-08	9	ANSWER to Complaint by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE.(Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 09/08/2016)
2016-09-13	10	ORDER requiring the parties to MEET and CONFER and file Joint Status Report proposing a schedule for further proceedings by no later than OCTOBER 13, 2016. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 9/13/16. (lcckk1) (Entered: 09/13/2016)
2016-09-13		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 10/13/2016. (kt) (Entered: 09/13/2016)
2016-10-13	11	Joint STATUS REPORT and Proposed Schedule by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 10/13/2016)
2016-10-17		MINUTE ORDER: The Court has received and considered the parties' 11 Joint Status Report and Proposed Schedule regarding further proceedings in this FOIA case. Upon the agreement of the parties, the Court shall set the following deadlines: Defendant shall make its first production of responsive records by no later than NOVEMBER 10, 2016, and shall complete the production of all responsive records by no later than DECEMBER 8, 2016. Thereafter, the parties shall meet and confer and shall file a Joint Status Report by no later than DECEMBER 22, 2016, in which the parties shall update the Court on the status of their discussions, including their attempts to narrow the issues in dispute, and shall propose a briefing schedule if necessary. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 10/17/16. (lcckk1) (Entered: 10/17/2016)
2016-10-17		Set/Reset Deadlines: Parties shall Meet and Confer and file a Joint Status Report by 12/22/2016. (dot) (Entered: 10/17/2016)
2016-12-22	12	Joint STATUS REPORT by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 12/22/2016)
2016-12-22	13	SCHEDULING AND PROCEDURES ORDER. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 12/22/2016. (lcckk1) (Entered: 12/22/2016)
2016-12-22		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's Summary Judgment Motion due by 2/24/2017. Response to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 3/27/2017. Reply to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 4/10/2017. Vaughn Index due by 1/24/2017. Plaintiff's Cross Motion due by 3/27/2017. Response to Cross Motion due by 4/10/2017. Reply to Cross Motions due by 4/25/2017. (dot) (Entered: 12/23/2016)
2017-01-26		MINUTE ORDER: Pursuant to the Court's 13 Scheduling and Procedures Order, Defendant was required to "file its Vaughn Index by no later than January 24, 2017." As of January 26, 2017, the public docket reflects that no such submission has been made. Accordingly, Defendant is instructed to expeditiously comply with the Court's 13 Order, or show good cause for its failure to do so. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 1/23/2017. (lcckk1, ) (Entered: 01/26/2017)
2017-01-27	14	NOTICE of Filing Vaughn Declaration or, in the Alternative, Motion Nunc Pro Tunc for Extension of Time to File Vaughn Index by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE re Order, (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Draft Vaughn Index, # 2 Exhibit 2 - Declaration of Eric Stein)(Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 01/27/2017)
2017-01-27	15	MOTION (in the alternative) for Extension of Time to File Vaughn Index Nunc Pro Tunc by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (See Docket Entry 14 to view document). (znmw) (Entered: 01/30/2017)
2017-01-31		MINUTE ORDER: The Court is in receipt of Defendant's Vaughn index filing. For good cause shown, Defendant's Motion, in the alternative, Nunc Pro Tunc for Extension of Time to File its Vaughn Index is GRANTED. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 1/31/2017. (lcckk1) (Entered: 01/31/2017)
2017-02-23	16	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Motion for Summary Judgment by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 02/23/2017)
2017-02-27		MINUTE ORDER: The Court is in receipt of Defendant's 16 Consent Motion for Extension of Time, which requests a 30-day extension of the briefing schedule in this matter, set forth in the Court's December 22, 2016 13 Scheduling and Procedures Order. Pursuant to that schedule, Defendant's motion for summary judgment is currently due on February 24, 2017. As such, Defendant has failed to comply with the 3 Order Establishing Procedures in this matter, which requires that [m]otions for extensions of time must be filed at least four (4) business days prior to the first affected deadline. Nevertheless, for good cause shown, Defendant's Motion is GRANTED. The 13 Scheduling and Procedures Order is modified to the following extent: Defendant shall file its Motion for Summary Judgment by no later MARCH 26, 2017; Plaintiff shall file his Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment and his Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment by no later than APRIL 26, 2017; Defendant shall file its Reply to Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment and its Opposition to Plaintiff's Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment by no later than MAY 10, 2017; and Plaintiff shall file his Reply in support of his Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment by no later than MAY 25, 2017. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 2/27/2017. (lcckk1) (Entered: 02/27/2017)
2017-02-27		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's Summary Judgment motions due by 3/26/2017. Response to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 4/26/2017. Reply to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 5/10/2017. Plaintiff's Cross Motions due by 4/26/2017. Response to Cross Motions due by 5/10/2017. Reply to Cross Motions due by 5/25/2017. (dot) (Entered: 03/02/2017)
2017-03-20	17	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Motion for Summary Judgment by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 03/20/2017)
2017-03-21		MINUTE ORDER: The Court is in receipt of Defendant's 17 Consent Motion for Extension of Time, which requests a 14-day extension of the briefing schedule in this matter, set forth in the Court's December 22, 2016 13 Scheduling and Procedures Order. Pursuant to that schedule, as previously modified by Minute Order dated March 2, 2017, Defendant's motion for summary judgment is currently due on March 26, 2017. Defendant represents that the requested extension would permit the parties to make a final effort at amicable resolution of the remaining issue in the case.... Accordingly, for good cause shown, Defendant's Motion is GRANTED. The 13 Scheduling and Procedures Order is modified to the following extent: Defendant shall file its Motion for Summary Judgment by no later APRIL 10, 2017; Plaintiff shall file his Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment and his Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment by no later than MAY 10, 2017; Defendant shall file its Reply to Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment and its Opposition to Plaintiff's Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment by no later than MAY 24, 2017; and Plaintiff shall file his Reply in support of his Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment by no later than JUNE 8, 2017. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 3/21/2017. (lcckk1) (Entered: 03/21/2017)
2017-03-21		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's Summary Judgment motion due by 4/10/2017. Response to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 5/10/2017. Reply to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 5/24/2017. Plaintiff's Cross Motion due by 5/10/2017. Response to Cross Motion due by 5/24/2017. Reply to Cross Motion due by 6/8/2017. (dot) (Entered: 03/22/2017)
2017-04-10	18	MOTION for Summary Judgment by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Attachments: # 1 Statement of Facts, # 2 Declaration of Eric F. Stein, Director, Office of Information Programs and Services, # 3 Exhibit s to Stein Declaration)(Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 04/10/2017)
2017-05-10	19	Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM (Attachments: # 1 Statement of Facts, # 2 Declaration of Daniel Tenenbaum, # 3 Exhibit to Tenenbaum Declaration, # 4 Declaration of Matthew P. Horvitz, # 5 Exhibits to Horvitz Declaration, # 6 Text of Proposed Order)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 05/10/2017)
2017-05-10	20	MOTION In Camera Review re 18 MOTION for Summary Judgment by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Daniel Tenenbaum, # 2 Exhibit to Tenenbaum Declaration, # 3 Declaration of Matthew P. Horvitz, # 4 Exhibits to Horvitz Declaration, # 5 Text of Proposed Order)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 05/10/2017)
2017-05-10	21	Memorandum in opposition to re 18 MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Daniel Tenenbaum, # 2 Exhibit to Tenenbaum Declaration, # 3 Declaration of Matthew P. Horvitz, # 4 Exhibits to Horvitz Declaration, # 5 Text of Proposed Order)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 05/10/2017)
2017-05-18	22	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to Complete Briefing of the Parties' Cross-Motions for Summary Judgment by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 05/18/2017)
2017-05-23		MINUTE ORDER: The Court is in receipt of Defendant's 22 Consent Motion for Extension of the Briefing Schedule in this Case. For good cause shown, that Motion is GRANTED. Defendant's reply in support of its motion for summary judgment and opposition to Plaintiff's cross-motion shall be due by JULY 7, 2017. Plaintiff's reply in support of his cross-motion shall be due by AUGUST 18, 2017. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 5/23/2017. (lcckk1) (Entered: 05/23/2017)
2017-05-23		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's Response to Cross Motions due by 7/7/2017. Plaintiff's Reply to Cross Motions due by 8/18/2017. Defendant's Reply to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 7/7/2017. (dot) (Entered: 05/25/2017)
2017-06-30	23	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 19 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment , 18 MOTION for Summary Judgment by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 06/30/2017)
2017-07-06		MINUTE ORDER: The Court is in receipt of Defendant's 23 Consent Motion for Extension of the Briefing Schedule in this Case. For good cause shown, that Motion is GRANTED. Defendant's reply in support of its motion for summary judgment and opposition to Plaintiff's cross-motion shall be due by JULY 21, 2017. Plaintiff's reply in support of his cross-motion shall be due by SEPTEMBER 1, 2017. Signed by Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly on 7/6/2017. (lcckk1) (Entered: 07/06/2017)
2017-07-06		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's Reply to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 7/21/2017. Defendant's Opposition to Cross Motions due by 7/21/2017. Plaintiff's Reply to Cross Motions due by 9/1/2017. (dot) (Entered: 07/14/2017)
2017-07-21	24	Memorandum in opposition to re 20 MOTION In Camera Review re 18 MOTION for Summary Judgment , 19 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (Attachments: # 1 Statement of Facts, # 2 Exhibit 1 - Chiorazzi Declaration, # 3 Exhibit 2 - Bartlett Declaration, # 4 Exhibit 3 - Supplemental Stein Declaration)(Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 07/21/2017)
2017-07-21	25	REPLY to opposition to motion re 18 MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (Attachments: # 1 Statement of Facts in Response to Plaintiff's Statement of Facts in Opposition, # 2 Exhibit 1 - Chiorazzi Declaration, # 3 Exhibit 2 - Bartlett Declaration, # 4 Exhibit 3 - Supplemental Stein Declaration)(Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 07/21/2017)
2017-09-01	26	REPLY to opposition to motion re 20 MOTION In Camera Review re 18 MOTION for Summary Judgment , 19 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 09/01/2017)
2017-11-02		Case directly reassigned to Judge Trevor N. McFadden. Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly is no longer assigned to the case. (ztnr) (Entered: 11/02/2017)
2018-03-21		MINUTE ORDER granting Plaintiff's 20 Motion for In Camera Review. The Defendant shall submit unredacted copies of Documents C06268823, C06268856, C06268858, and C062658852 for the Court's in camera review by March 28, 2018. SO ORDERED. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 3/21/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 03/21/2018)
2018-03-22		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's submission of documents for in-camera review due by 3/28/2018. (hmc) (Entered: 03/22/2018)
2018-05-07	27	MEMORANDUM AND OPINION re Defendant's 18 Motion for Summary Judgment and Plaintiff's 19 Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 5/7/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 05/07/2018)
2018-05-07	28	ORDER granting in part and denying in part Defendant's 18 Motion for Summary Judgment and granting in part and denying in part Plaintiff's 19 Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. See attached order for details. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 5/7/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 05/07/2018)
2018-05-08		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's response to Order of the Court due by 5/18/2018. Joint Status Report due by 5/25/2018. (hmc) (Entered: 05/08/2018)
2018-05-15	29	MOTION to Clarify or in the Alternative, , MOTION for Reconsideration re 28 Order on Motion for Summary Judgment,,, , Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to Produce Information to Plaintiff by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Final Agency Decision, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 05/15/2018)
2018-05-15		MINUTE ORDER granting Defendant's 29 Motion to Clarify and Consent Motion for Extension of Time. The Court hereby clarifies that its May 7, 2018 Order directed production of Page 10 of Document C06268856 and stays the deadline to produce records to Plaintiff until June 6, 2018. SO ORDERED. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 5/15/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 05/15/2018)
2018-05-16		Set/Reset Deadlines: Defendant's deadline to produce records to Plaintiff stayed until 6/6/2018. (hmc) (Entered: 05/16/2018)
2018-05-24		MINUTE ORDER: In light of the May 15, 2018 Minute Order granting Defendant an extension of time to produce records, the parties' deadline to file a Joint Status Report indicating that the records have been produced is extended to June 13, 2018. SO ORDERED. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 5/24/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 05/24/2018)
2018-05-24		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 6/13/2018. (hmc) (Entered: 05/24/2018)
2018-06-13	30	Joint STATUS REPORT by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 06/13/2018)
2018-06-13		MINUTE ORDER: Upon consideration of the parties' 30 Joint Status Report, it is hereby ORDERED that Plaintiff shall file any Motion for Reconsideration and any Motion for Attorneys' Fees and Costs by June 27, 2018, Defendant shall file any Opposition by July 11, 2018, and Plaintiff shall file any Reply by July 18, 2018. SO ORDERED. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 6/13/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 06/13/2018)
2018-06-14		Set/Reset Deadlines: Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration and any Motion for Attorneys' Fees and Costs due by 6/27/2018. Defendant's opposition due by 7/11/2018. Plaintiff's reply in support of its motions due by 7/18/2018. (hmc) (Entered: 06/14/2018)
2018-06-21	31	Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to Submit Briefs Under the Court's June 13, 2018 Order by ZEAD KHALAF IBRAHIM (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Freiman, Leonard) (Entered: 06/21/2018)
2018-06-22		MINUTE ORDER: Upon consideration of the parties' 31 Joint Motion for Extension of Time, it is hereby ORDERED that Plaintiff shall file any Motion for Reconsideration and any Motion for Attorneys' Fees and Costs by July 27, 2018, Defendant shall file any Opposition by August 10, 2018, and Plaintiff shall file any Reply by August 17, 2018. SO ORDERED. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 6/22/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 06/22/2018)
2018-06-22		Set/Reset Deadlines: Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration and any Motion for Attorneys' Fees and Costs due by 7/27/2018. Defendant's Opposition due by 8/10/2018. Plaintiff's reply in support of its motion due by 8/17/2018. (hmc) (Entered: 06/22/2018)
2018-07-24	32	NOTICE of Voluntary Dismissal by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (Kelly, Wynne) (Entered: 07/24/2018)
2018-07-24		MINUTE ORDER: Upon consideration of the parties' Joint Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, the case is dismissed with prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Provedure 41(a)(1)(A)(ii). The Clerk of Court is directed to close this case. SO ORDERED. Signed by Judge Trevor N. McFadden on 7/24/18. (lctnm1) (Entered: 07/24/2018)
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