Case Detail

FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Beryl Howell has ruled that the FBI and U.S. Customs and Border Protection conducted an adequate search for records concerning Laura Poitras, a journalist and documentary filmmaker who was routinely pulled aside and interviewed by CBP agents each time she returned to the United States from international travel. During an ambush in Baghdad that killed one soldier and injured several others, two soldiers spotted a woman with film equipment on a nearby roof. The woman was identified as Poitras and she was questioned by a Lieutenant Colonel two days later, at which time she implied that she was not present during the ambush. Based on subsequent interviews with the Lieutenant Colonel and Poitras, an historian provided a sworn statement that he believed Poitras has prior knowledge of the ambush. The FBI opened an investigation and starting in July 2006, Poitras was interviewed by CBP agents whenever she returned from international travel. In 2014, Poitras sent FOIA requests to the FBI, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and CBP for records about herself. The FBI identified 350 responsive pages, released one page in full and 262 pages in part, and withheld in full 87 pages, withholding records under Exemption 5 (privileges), Exemption 7(A) (ongoing investigation or proceeding), Exemption 7(D) (confidential sources), and Exemption 7(E) (investigative methods or techniques). CBP disclosed 220 pages with redactions. However, the agency later located additional records in its New York field office, disclosing 223 pages with redactions and withholding 3,182 pages. Poitras argued that the FBI had not established a connection between Poitras and a legitimate concern that she had violated a federal law or posed a security risk. Howell disagreed, noting that "the FBI has established that its investigation of the plaintiff was realistically based on a legitimate concern that she may have been either an unintentional or unwitting tool to film or otherwise document an ambush that resulted in the death of one American soldier and serious injury to several others." Poitras pointed out that Army investigators had found that there was not enough credible evidence to suggest Poitras had committed a crime at the time the FBI began its own investigation. But Howell observed that "the plaintiff's dissembling about her whereabouts at the time of the fatal ambush and about whether she documented the events, despite two eyewitnesses who saw her on a rooftop over-looking the ambush area with her camera and sound equipment may reasonably have contributed to the FBI's view that an investigation was warranted." Howell explained that "the FBI has established both 'a rational nexus between the investigation and one of the agency's law enforcement duties' and a 'connection between an individual or incident and a possible security risk or violation of federal law,' thereby satisfying the Exemption 7 threshold requirement." After finding the FBI had met the threshold requirement, Howell approved its claims under 7((A), 7(D), and 7(E). Poitras also challenged CBP's search, particularly that of the New York office because it only covered a three-month period and failed to search any other New York field office files. Howell found CBP had appropriately interpreted Poitras' request. She pointed out that "the four corners of the plaintiff's request to CBP did not offer any details about her encounters with airport officials, the locations of those encounters, or the dates for which she expected to find documents pertaining to those encounters. The plaintiff provided a wholly different agency �" USCIS �" with detailed information about several detentions or encounters between herself and CBP officials at airports in Newark and New York City, but these details were not provided to CBP. In fact, USCIS FOIA officials repeatedly informed the plaintiff that she should request any CBP-related information for these specific encounters from the CBP FOIA Division �" not from USCIS, but the plaintiff does not appear to have done so."
Issues: Exemption 7 - Threshold, Exemption 7 - Law enforcement records, Adequacy - Search

FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Beryl Howell has ruled that filmmaker Laura Poitras is not entitled to attorney's fees for her FOIA litigation against the Department of Homeland Security to find out why she was subjected to secondary security screening for every international flight she took to the United States, as well as several international and domestic flights. In total, Poitras was detained for secondary screening more than 50 times over a six-year period. She requested records concerning why she was detained so frequently from DHS. She made FOIA requests to the FBI and the Office of the National Director of Intelligence as well. After the agencies failed to respond to her requests, Poitras filed suit. The FBI located 350 pages, releasing one page in full, 262 pages in part, and withholding 87 pages. Customs and Border Protection released 492 pages from its TECS database, and 220 pages in its Automated Targeting System database. CBP later became aware that its New York office had records related to a 2010 incident at JFK International Airport and ultimately disclosed 223 redacted pages. However, CBP withheld 3,182 pages in full. The Transportation Safety Administration disclosed 21 pages with redactions. Poitras challenged only the adequacy of CBP's search and the appropriateness of the FBI's Exemption 5 (privileges) and Exemption 7 (law enforcement records) claims. Before Howell was assigned the case, the original district court judge found that the agencies' search and exemption claims were insufficiently supported and ordered the agencies to supplement their affidavits. After Howell was assigned to the case, she reviewed the agencies' supplemental affidavits and ruled in their favor. The agencies conceded that Poitras was eligible for fees but argued that she was not entitled to them. Howell first reviewed the public interest in Poitras' request. She agreed that there was some public interest here because of "the plaintiff's notoriety and that the FOIA requests might reasonably have been viewed as likely to shed light on regulation of air travel, a topic of broader public interest. . ." Howell pointed out that "plaintiff's FOIA requests could have been expected to illuminate why someone is designated for 'Secondary Security Screening Selection,' whether the plaintiff's persistent detentions were related to suspicions that she had advance knowledge of a 2004 attack in Iraq that led to the death of an American soldier, or whether the regular stops were connected to the plaintiff's professional work. All three of these possibilities are of public concern." Citing Tax Analysts v. Dept of Justice, 965 F.2d 1092 (D.C. Cir. 1992), Howell observed that "importantly, the D.C. Circuit has disclaimed any automatic rule that a news organization can have no self-interest for making a FOIA request. Journalists, like anyone else, can act with self-interest. Indeed, here, irrespective of her profession, the plaintiff's FOIA requests patently were self-interested." Howell explained that "through her FOIA requests, the plaintiff discovered why she had been stopped at the border for six years. From the beginning, that was the motivation behind her FOIA requests. Nothing is wrong with self-interested FOIA requests, they just are less likely to result in an award of attorney's fees. Consequently, [the personal interest] factor counsels against attorney's fees." Poitras argued that the agencies had been unreasonable by failing to respond to her requests within a reasonable amount of time. While Howell found that "CBP's withholdings come closest to unreasonable," she added that "for the remainder, the withholdings were perfectly reasonable." Finding that only the public interest factor favored Poitras's claim for an award, Howell indicated that "on balance, then the plaintiff has not demonstrated an entitlement to an attorneys' fees award."
Issues: Litigation - Attorney's fees - Entitlement - Personal interest

Date Filed	Doc #	Docket Text
2015-07-13	1	COMPLAINT for Injunctive Relief against DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ( Filing fee $ 400 receipt number 0090-4172989) filed by LAURA POITRAS . (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Summons, # 3 Summons, # 4 Summons, # 5 Summons, # 6 Summons)(Sobel, David) Modified on 7/13/2015 to correct plaintiff(jf). (Entered: 07/13/2015)
2015-07-13		Case Assigned to Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson. (sth) (Entered: 07/13/2015)
2015-07-13	2	SUMMONS (5) Issued Electronically as to DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (Attachments: # 1 Summons, # 2 Summons, # 3 Summons, # 4 Summons, # 5 Summons)(sth) (Entered: 07/13/2015)
2015-07-17	3	GENERAL ORDER AND GUIDELINES FOR CIVIL CASES BEFORE JUDGE KETANJI BROWN JACKSON. The Court will hold the parties and counsel responsible for following these directives; failure to conform to this Order may, when appropriate, result in the imposition of sanctions. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 07/17/2015. (lckbj1) (Entered: 07/17/2015)
2015-07-22	4	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY served on 7/20/2015; DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE served on 7/20/2015; OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE served on 7/20/2015 (Sobel, David) (Entered: 07/22/2015)
2015-07-22	5	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed on United States Attorney General. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney General 7/20/2015. (Sobel, David) (Entered: 07/22/2015)
2015-07-22	6	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed as to the United States Attorney. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney on 7/20/2015. Answer due for ALL FEDERAL DEFENDANTS by 8/19/2015. (Sobel, David) (Entered: 07/22/2015)
2015-08-19	7	ANSWER to Complaint by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE.(Singer, Sam) (Entered: 08/19/2015)
2015-09-18		MINUTE ORDER. Before the Court in this FOIA case are a complaint and an answer. It is hereby ORDERED that the parties shall promptly confer and file a joint proposed schedule for briefing or disclosure, by 10/2/2015. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 09/18/2015. (lckbj1) (Entered: 09/18/2015)
2015-10-01	8	Joint STATUS REPORT by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 10/01/2015)
2015-10-22		MINUTE ORDER. Based on the representations made in the parties' 8 Joint Status Report, it is hereby ORDERED that the parties shall file a further status report on or before 11/16/2015, which shall include a proposed schedule for further proceedings, if litigation is going to be necessary. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 10/22/2015. (lckbj1) (Entered: 10/22/2015)
2015-11-16	9	Joint STATUS REPORT by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 11/16/2015)
2015-11-18		MINUTE ORDER. Based on the representations made in the parties' 9 Joint Status Report, it is hereby ORDERED that the parties shall file a further status report on or before 2/15/2016, which shall include a proposed schedule for further proceedings, if litigation is going to be necessary. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 11/18/2015. (lckbj1) (Entered: 11/18/2015)
2016-02-16	10	Joint STATUS REPORT (third) by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 02/16/2016)
2016-02-18		MINUTE ORDER. Based on the representations made in the parties' 10 Joint Status Report, it is hereby ORDERED that the parties shall file a further status report on or before 3/15/2016, which shall include a proposed schedule for further proceedings, if litigation is going to be necessary. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 2/18/2016. (lckbj1) (Entered: 02/18/2016)
2016-03-15	11	Joint STATUS REPORT by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 03/15/2016)
2016-03-20		MINUTE ORDER. Based on the representations in the parties' 11 Joint Status Report, it is hereby ORDERED that the following briefing schedule for dispositive motions is set in this matter: Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment is due by 6/6/2016. Plaintiff's Consolidated Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment and Cross Motion for Summary Judgment is due by 7/18/2016. Plaintiff's Consolidated Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Judgment and Opposition to Defendant's Cross Motion for Summary Judgment is due by 8/8/2016. Plaintiff's Reply in Support of its Cross Motion for Summary Judgment is due by 8/29/2016. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 03/20/2016. (lckbj1) (Entered: 03/20/2016)
2016-06-06	12	Unopposed MOTION for Extension of Time to submit ex parte, in camera declaration in support of Defendants' motion for summary judgment by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 06/06/2016)
2016-06-06	13	ENTERED IN ERROR.....MOTION for Summary Judgment by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (Singer, Sam) Modified on 6/7/2016 (jf). (Entered: 06/06/2016)
2016-06-06	14	MOTION for Summary Judgment (Memorandum in Support) by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Hardy Declaration (FBI), # 2 Declaration Hudson Declaration (ODNI), # 3 Declaration Burroughs Declaration (CBP), # 4 Declaration McCoy Declaration (TSA), # 5 Declaration Blair Declaration (TSA), # 6 Declaration Eggleston Declaration (USCIS), # 7 Declaration Pineiro Declaration (ICE), # 8 Declaration Tyrrell Declaration (DHS), # 9 Statement of Facts)(Singer, Sam) (Main Document 14 replaced on 6/7/2016) (jf). (Entered: 06/06/2016)
2016-06-07		NOTICE OF CORRECTED DOCKET ENTRY: Document No. re 13 MOTION for Summary Judgment was entered in error and combined with entry 14 . (jf) (Entered: 06/07/2016)
2016-06-07	15	NOTICE of Lodging of Classified Declaration by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE re 14 MOTION for Summary Judgment (Memorandum in Support) (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 06/07/2016)
2016-06-07		MINUTE ORDER granting 12 Consent Motion for Extension of Time to File Declaration, nunc pro tunc. Defendants' declaration shall be filed on or before 6/7/2016. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 06/07/2016. (lckbj1) (Entered: 06/07/2016)
2016-06-30	16	Consent MOTION for Briefing Schedule to be Revised by LAURA POITRAS (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 06/30/2016)
2016-07-01		MINUTE ORDER granting, for good cause shown, 16 Consent Motion to Revise Briefing Schedule. It is hereby ORDERED that the briefing schedule for dispositive motions in this matter is amended as follows: Plaintiff's Consolidated Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment and Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment is due on or before 8/24/2016. Defendants' Consolidated Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Judgment and Opposition to Plaintiff's Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment is due on or before 9/26/2016. Plaintiff's Reply in Support of its Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment is due on or before 10/17/2016. Absent extraordinary and unexpected circumstances, no further extensions with respect to Plaintiff's Consolidated Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment and Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment will be granted. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 7/1/2016. (lckbj1) (Entered: 07/01/2016)
2016-08-24	17	Memorandum in opposition to re 14 MOTION for Summary Judgment (Memorandum in Support) filed by LAURA POITRAS. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Declaration of Laura Poitras, # 3 Statement of Facts, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 08/24/2016)
2016-08-24	18	Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment by LAURA POITRAS (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Declaration of Laura Poitras, # 3 Statement of Facts, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 08/24/2016)
2016-09-26	19	Memorandum in opposition to re 18 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Second Declaration of David M. Hardy, # 2 Statement of Facts Response to Plaintiff's Statement of Material Facts)(Singer, Sam) (Entered: 09/26/2016)
2016-09-26	20	REPLY to opposition to motion re 14 MOTION for Summary Judgment (Memorandum in Support) filed by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Second Declaration of David M. Hardy, # 2 Statement of Facts Response to Plaintiff's Statement of Facts)(Singer, Sam) (Entered: 09/26/2016)
2016-10-17	21	REPLY to opposition to motion re 18 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by LAURA POITRAS. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 10/17/2016)
2017-03-31	22	ORDER GRANTING in part and DENYING in part without prejudice Defendants' 14 Motion for Summary Judgment; DENYING without prejudice Plaintiff's 18 Motion for Summary Judgment; and requiring the parties to submit, on or before 4/25/2017, a proposed schedule for submission of a revised Vaughn Index or supplemental declaration and renewed cross-motions for summary judgment. See attached Order for details. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 03/31/2017. (lckbj1) (Entered: 03/31/2017)
2017-04-25	23	PROPOSED BRIEFING SCHEDULE by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 04/25/2017)
2017-05-10		MINUTE ORDER. It is hereby ORDERED that the following schedule for briefing summary judgment shall govern in this matter: Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment and accompanying Vaughn Index and/or supplemental FBI declaration is due on or before 7/24/2017; Plaintiff's consolidated Opposition to Defendants' Motion and Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment is due on or before 8/25/2017; Defendants' consolidated Reply in Support of Their Motion and Opposition to Plaintiff's Cross-Motion is due on or before 9/15/2017; Plaintiff's Reply in Support of its Cross-Motion is due on or before 10/3/2017. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 05/10/2017. (lckbj1) (lckbj1) (Entered: 05/10/2017)
2017-07-24	24	Second MOTION for Summary Judgment by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support, # 2 Exhibit FBI's Vaughn Index, # 3 Exhibit Third Hardy Declaration, # 4 Statement of Facts)(Singer, Sam) (Entered: 07/24/2017)
2017-08-21	25	Memorandum in opposition to re 24 Second MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by LAURA POITRAS. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Declaration of Laura Poitras, # 3 Statement of Facts, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 08/21/2017)
2017-08-21	26	Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment by LAURA POITRAS (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Declaration of Laura Poitras, # 3 Statement of Facts, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 08/21/2017)
2017-09-14	27	Joint MOTION for Briefing Schedule Temporary Suspension by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 09/14/2017)
2017-09-18		MINUTE ORDER granting 27 Joint Motion for Temporary Suspension of Briefing Schedule. It is hereby ORDERED that the remaining deadlines for briefing renewed motions for summary judgment in this matter are VACATED, and that the parties shall file a joint status report on or before 10/2/2017, which shall contain a proposed schedule for further proceedings, if litigation is going to be necessary. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 09/18/2017. (lckbj1, ) (Entered: 09/18/2017)
2017-10-02	28	Joint STATUS REPORT by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. (Singer, Sam) (Entered: 10/02/2017)
2017-10-05		MINUTE ORDER adopting parties' proposed briefing schedule. It is hereby ORDERED that Defendants' consolidated reply and cross-motion opposition is due on or before 10/13/2017, and that Plaintiff's cross-motion reply is due on or before by 11/6/2017. Signed by Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson on 10/5/2017. (lckbj1) (Entered: 10/05/2017)
2017-10-10		Set/Reset Deadlines: Reply to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 10/13/2017. (gdf) (Entered: 10/10/2017)
2017-10-13	29	Memorandum in opposition to re 26 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Statement of Facts)(Singer, Sam) (Entered: 10/13/2017)
2017-10-13	30	REPLY to opposition to motion re 24 Second MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Statement of Facts)(Singer, Sam) (Entered: 10/13/2017)
2017-10-24	31	Case directly reassigned to Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell by consent. Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson is no longer assigned to the case. (ztnr) (Entered: 10/25/2017)
2017-11-03	32	Consent MOTION to Stay Further Briefing by LAURA POITRAS (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 11/03/2017)
2017-11-06		MINUTE ORDER (paperless) GRANTING the parties' 32 Consent Motion to Stay Further Briefing. Accordingly, further briefing on the parties' pending motions for summary judgment is STAYED. The parties are DIRECTED to file, by December 6, 2017, a Joint Status Report proposing a schedule to govern future proceedings in this case. Signed by Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell on November 6, 2017. (lcbah1) (Entered: 11/06/2017)
2017-11-06		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 12/6/2017. (tg) (Entered: 11/06/2017)
2017-12-06	33	Joint STATUS REPORT by LAURA POITRAS. (Sobel, David) (Entered: 12/06/2017)
2017-12-06		MINUTE ORDER (paperless) DIRECTING, upon consideration of the parties' 33 Joint Status Report, the plaintiff to file, by January 19, 2018, a reply brief in support of the plaintiff's cross-motion for summary judgment. Signed by Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell on December 6, 2017. (lcbah4) (Entered: 12/06/2017)
2017-12-06		Set/Reset Deadlines: Plaintiff's reply in support of plaintiff's cross-motion for summary judgment due by 1/19/2018. (tg) (Entered: 12/06/2017)
2018-01-16	34	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 26 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment by LAURA POITRAS (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 01/16/2018)
2018-01-17		MINUTE ORDER (paperless) GRANTING the plaintiff's 34 Consent Motion for Extension of Time. Accordingly, the plaintiff shall, by February 15, 2018, file a reply in support of her cross-motion for summary judgment. Signed by Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell on January 17, 2018. (lcbah4) (Entered: 01/17/2018)
2018-01-17		Set/Reset Deadlines: Plaintiff's reply in support of her cross-motion for summary judgment due by 2/15/2018. (tg) (Entered: 01/17/2018)
2018-02-15	35	REPLY to opposition to motion re 26 Cross MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by LAURA POITRAS. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Exhibit D, # 5 Exhibit E, # 6 Exhibit F)(Sobel, David) (Entered: 02/15/2018)
2018-03-29	36	ORDER GRANTING the defendants' 24 Second Motion for Summary Judgment and DENYING the plaintiff's 26 Second Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. See Order for further details. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close this case. Signed by Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell on March 29, 2018. (lcbah4) (Entered: 03/29/2018)
2018-03-29	37	MEMORANDUM OPINION regarding the defendants' 24 Second Motion for Summary Judgment and the plaintiff's 26 Second Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell on March 29, 2018. (lcbah4) (Entered: 03/29/2018)
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