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Case TitleZeigler v. United States Department of Agriculture
DistrictDistrict of South Carolina
CityFlorence
Case Number4:2019cv02633
Date Filed2019-09-18
Date Closed2021-09-13
JudgeChief Judge R Bryan Harwell
PlaintiffBenjamin T Zeigler
Case DescriptionBenjamin Zeigler submitted a FOIA request to the Department of Agriculture for records concerning emails sent to or received by agency employee Kyle Daniel, as well as any complaints made about Daniel. The agency acknowledged receipt and asked Ziegler to provide keyword search terms for the emails. After hearing nothing further from the agency, Ziegler filed suit.
Complaint issues: Failure to respond within statutory time limit, Litigation - Attorney's fees

DefendantUnited States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency
Documents
Docket
Complaint
Complaint attachment 1
Complaint attachment 2
Complaint attachment 3
Complaint attachment 4
Complaint attachment 5
Complaint attachment 6
Complaint attachment 7
Complaint attachment 8
Complaint attachment 9
Opinion/Order [38]
FOIA Project Annotation: A federal court in South Carolina has ruled that the Farm Service Agency properly responded to Benjamin Zeigler's FOIA request for all emails and phone calls to or from Kyle Daniel, the FSA County Director for Georgetown County, South Carolina from 2006 to the present by concluding that many of them did not qualify as agency records. Ziegler also provided 44 search terms. After narrowing the request to 12,624 pages, the agency hired two full-time contract employees to respond to Ziegler's request, using the ten factors identified in Bureau of National Affairs v. Dept of Justice, 742 F.2d 1484 (D.C. Cir. 1984), to determine which records were personal and which records qualified as agency records. The agency disclosed 1,040 pages of emails and determined that 11,279 pages were not agency records. Most of the withheld records dealt with Daniels' relationship with his business partner, with whom he had a hunting business. Finding that the agency had properly separated the records between personal and agency records, the court noted that "the question is not whether Daniel may have used his position for personal gain, the question is whether the emails sought are properly considered 'agency records' or 'personal records' under relevant case law. Considering the [relevant factors in the case law], especially the extent to which agency personnel have read or relied on the withheld emails to carry out the business of the agency, along with [the agency's] declarations, the briefs, and the Vaughn index, and the in camera submission, the Court concludes that Defendant properly determined the documents at issue to be personal records."
Issues: Agency Record, Litigation - In camera review
User-contributed Documents
 
Docket Events (Hide)
Date FiledDoc #Docket Text

2019-09-181COMPLAINT against United States Department of Agriculture (filing fee $400 receipt number 0420-8674727), filed by Benjamin T Zeigler. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A -September 20, 2018 Request, # 2 Exhibit B - October 2, 2019 email, # 3 Exhibit C - November 19, 2018 email, # 4 Exhibit D - November 7, 2018 email, # 5 Exhibit E - January 3, 2019 email, # 6 Exhibit F - January 29, 2019 email, # 7 Exhibit G - February 19, 2019 email, # 8 Exhibit H - March 7, 2019 email, # 9 Exhibit I - September 10, 2019 email) (lsut, ) Modified on 9/19/2019 to add descriptions to Exhibits. (dsto) (Entered: 09/19/2019)
2019-09-183Local Rule 26.01 Answers to Interrogatories by Benjamin T Zeigler. (lsut, ) (Entered: 09/19/2019)
2019-09-194Summons Issued as to United States Department of Agriculture. U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General. Service due by 12/18/2019. (lsut, ) (Entered: 09/19/2019)
2019-09-255NOTICE of Appearance by Beth Drake on behalf of United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency (Drake, Beth) (Entered: 09/25/2019)
2019-10-116SUMMONS Returned Executed by Benjamin T Zeigler. United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency served on 9/23/2019, answer due 10/15/2019. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certified Mail Receipt)(Ipock, Charles) (Entered: 10/11/2019)
2019-10-237ANSWER to 1 Complaint,, by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency.(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 10/23/2019)
2019-10-238Local Rule 26.01 Answers to Interrogatories by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency.(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 10/23/2019)
2019-10-289CONFERENCE AND SCHEDULING ORDER. Rule 26(f) Conference Deadline 11/18/2019, 26(a) Initial Disclosures due by 12/2/2019, Motions to Amend Pleadings due by 1/27/2020, Plaintiffs ID of Expert Witness due by 2/25/2020, Defendants ID of Expert Witnesses Due by 3/26/2020, Records Custodian Affidavit due by 3/26/2020, Discovery due by 5/25/2020, Motions due by 6/9/2020, Rule 26(a)(3) Disclosures due by 8/24/2020, ADR Statement due by 7/10/2020, Mediation Due by 8/10/2020. Motions in limine must be filed at least three weeks prior to October 5, 2020. Responses to motions in limine shall be filed within seven (7) days after the motion is filed. Parties shall furnish the Court pretrial briefs seven (7) days prior to the date set for jury selection. This case is subject to being called for jury selection and/or trial on or after 10/05/2020. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 10/28/2019. (lsut, ) (Entered: 10/28/2019)
2019-11-1410STIPULATION Regarding Rule 26(a)(1) Initial Disclosures by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency. (Drake, Beth) (Entered: 11/14/2019)
2019-11-1511CONFERENCE AND SCHEDULING ORDER: Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment/Dispositive Motion due by 2/15/2020. Defendant's response/cross-motion due by 3/15/2020. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 11/15/2019. (hcic, ) (Entered: 11/15/2019)
2020-01-2712TEXT ORDER: On January 27, 2020, the Court received an email from Plaintiff's counsel requesting a joint stay of the current scheduling order. The Court will construe Plaintiff's email request as a motion to amend the scheduling order. Accordingly, the parties shall consult and submit a consent amended scheduling order by the end of this week that provides the parties adequate time to produce and/or review the documents at issue. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 1/27/2020. (tmcb, ) (Entered: 01/27/2020)
2020-01-2713Email from Plaintiff's Counsel Charles Ipock. Filed at direction of Chambers. (mcot, ) (Entered: 01/27/2020)
2020-01-2815Joint MOTION to Amend/Correct 11 Scheduling Order, by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency. Response to Motion due by 2/11/2020. Add an additional 3 days only if served by mail or otherwise allowed under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6 or Fed. R. Crim. P. 45. Proposed order is being emailed to chambers with copy to opposing counsel.(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 01/28/2020)
2020-01-2916TEXT ORDER granting 15 Motion to Amend Scheduling Order. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 1/29/2020. (hcic, ) (Entered: 01/29/2020)
2020-01-2917AMENDED CONFERENCE AND SCHEDULING ORDER: Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion due by 8/14/2020. Defendant's response and cross-motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion due by 9/15/2020. Plaintiff's reply due 20 days after defendant's response is filed. Defendant's reply due 20 days after plaintiff's reply is filed. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 1/29/2020. (hcic, ) (Entered: 01/29/2020)
2020-08-1218Second MOTION to Amend/Correct 17 Scheduling Order, by Benjamin T Zeigler. Response to Motion due by 8/26/2020. Add an additional 3 days only if served by mail or otherwise allowed under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6 or Fed. R. Crim. P. 45. No proposed order.(Ipock, Charles) (Entered: 08/12/2020)
2020-08-1319TEXT ORDER granting the parties' 18 joint motion to extend the current briefing schedule. Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion is now due no later than November 13, 2020. The USDA's response or cross-motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion is now due no later than December 11, 2020. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 8/13/2020.(tmcb, ) (Entered: 08/13/2020)
2020-08-1920COVID-19 COURTROOM ETIQUETTE (hcic, ) (Entered: 08/19/2020)
2020-11-1221Joint MOTION to Amend/Correct Scheduling Order by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency. Response to Motion due by 11/30/2020. Add an additional 3 days only if served by mail or otherwise allowed under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6 or Fed. R. Crim. P. 45. No proposed order.(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 11/12/2020)
2020-11-1322TEXT ORDER granting the parties' 21 joint motion to amend the scheduling order. Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion is now due no later than February 11, 2021. The USDA's response or cross-motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion is now due no later than March 11, 2021. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 11/13/2020.(tmcb, ) (Entered: 11/13/2020)
2021-02-1024MOTION for Summary Judgment by Benjamin T Zeigler. Response to Motion due by 3/11/2021. Add an additional 3 days only if served by mail or otherwise allowed under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6 or Fed. R. Crim. P. 45. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit July 2019 Letter, # 2 Exhibit October 2019 Letter, # 3 Exhibit May 2020 Letter, # 4 Exhibit July 2020 Ltr 2nd Interim Prod, # 5 Exhibit Dec 2020 ltr 16 Interim Prod, # 6 Exhibit 1st Interim Prod, # 7 Exhibit 2nd Interim Prod, # 8 Exhibit Third Interim Prod, # 9 Exhibit 4th Interim Prod, # 10 Exhibit 5th Interim Prod, # 11 Exhibit 6th Interim Prod, # 12 Exhibit 7th Interim Prod, # 13 Exhibit 8th Interim Prod, # 14 Exhibit 9th Interim Prod, # 15 Exhibit 10th Interim Prod, # 16 Exhibit 11th Interim Prod, # 17 Exhibit 12th Interim Prod, # 18 Exhibit 13th Interim Prod, # 19 Exhibit 14th Interim Prod, # 20 Exhibit 15th Interim Prod)No proposed order.(Ipock, Charles) Modified on 2/18/2021 to modify response due date per Text Order 22 (hcic, ). (Entered: 02/10/2021)
2021-03-0825MOTION for Summary Judgment and Response to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency. Response to Motion due by 3/22/2021. Add an additional 3 days only if served by mail or otherwise allowed under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6 or Fed. R. Crim. P. 45. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, Declaration of Patrick McLoughlin)No proposed order.(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 03/08/2021)
2021-03-2227RESPONSE in Opposition re 25 MOTION for Summary Judgment and Response to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment Response filed by Benjamin T Zeigler. Reply to Response to Motion due by 4/11/2021. Add an additional 3 days only if served by mail or otherwise allowed under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Fifteenth Interim Production, # 2 Exhibit Twelfth Interim Production, # 3 Exhibit Twelfth and Tenth Interim Pr, # 4 Exhibit Fifth Interim Production, # 5 Exhibit Ipock ltr to Drake)(Ipock, Charles) Modified on 3/22/2021 to modify defendant's reply due date per 17 (lgib, ). (Entered: 03/22/2021)
2021-03-2228DELETION OF DOCKET ENTRY NUMBER 26 Reason: filed in error by filer. Corrected Filing: Document Number 27 (lgib, ) (Entered: 03/22/2021)
2021-04-1229REPLY to Response to Motion re 25 MOTION for Summary Judgment and Response to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment Response filed by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, Supplemental Declaration of Patrick McLoughlin)(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 04/12/2021)
2021-07-0731TEXT ORDER re Representative Sample for in camera review and Vaughn Index of the Representative Sample: In his FOIA complaint and motion for summary judgment, Plaintiff requested a Vaughn index of Kyle Daniels's emails that Defendant has withheld from disclosure. Although Defendant opposes a Vaughn index, as a compromise, Defendant proposes that it provide the Court with a random sample of pages for in camera review so that the Court can assure itself that the Agency has appropriately applied the test derived from Dep't of Justice v. Tax Analysts , 492 U.S. 136, 144 (1989) and Burka v. U.S. Dep't of Health & Hum. Servs. , 87 F.3d 508, 515 (D.C. Cir. 1996). Representative sampling is an appropriate procedure to test an agency's claim that a document is properly withheld or exempt from disclosure under FOIA when a large number of documents are involved. Neely v. FBI , 208 F.3d 461, 467 (4th Cir. 2000) (suggesting that, on remand, district court "resort to the well-established practice... of randomly sampling the documents in question"); Mullen v. U.S. Army Crim. Investigation Command , No. 1:10CV262 JCC/TCB, 2011 WL 5870550, at *6 (E.D. Va. Nov. 22, 2011) (internal citations omitted). Representative sampling allows the Court and the parties to reduce a voluminous FOIA case to a manageable number of items that can be evaluated individually through a Vaughn index or an in camera inspection. Mullen , 2011 WL 5870550, at *6. In this case, using search terms agreed to by the parties, Defendant has identified 12,624 pages of Mr. Daniels's emails that are potentially responsive to Plaintiff's FOIA request. Of those 12,624 pages of emails, Defendant has withheld approximately 11,584 pages of emails claiming the emails are either not "agency records" or the documents are exempt from disclosure under one or more of the statutory FOIA exemptions. Defendant has disclosed approximately 1,040 pages of emails. Due to the large number of documents at issue in this case, this Court finds that a representative sample of the withheld documents is appropriate. Accordingly, the Court orders the Defendant to, within 30 days, provide the Court with a representative sample of two percent (2%) of the withheld documents for in camera review. Additionally, and to allow the Plaintiff an opportunity to meaningfully challenge Defendant's decision to withhold documents, the Court orders the Defendant to, within 30 days, file a Vaughn index of the 2% representative sample of withheld documents. The Vaughn index should include a description of each document and a detailed justification for the claim that a particular document is either not an "agency record" or otherwise exempt from disclosure under one or more of the statutory FOIA exemptions. With regard to the methodology for determining the 2% representative sample, two percent of the 11,584 withheld pages results in a sample of approximately 232 pages. Starting with page 1 of the first batch (1 of 16 batches) of emails withheld from the June 17, 2020 interim response and moving sequentially through each subsequent batch of withheld emails, Defendant shall select every 49th page of the withheld emails until 232 pages have been selected. Defendant shall email to chambers a.pdf document of the 232 pages for in camera review. Defendant shall also file a Vaughn index of the 232 selected pages on the docket. The parties may file any supplemental briefing within 14 days after the Vaughn index is filed. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 7/7/2021. (tmcb, ) (Entered: 07/07/2021)
2021-08-0533REPLY by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency to 31 Order,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, . (Attachments: # 1 Vaughn Index, # 2 Supplemental Declaration of Patrick McLoughlin)(Drake, Beth) (Entered: 08/05/2021)
2021-08-1934REPLY by Benjamin T Zeigler to 33 Reply to Defendants Vaughn Index . (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Kellahan Emails, # 2 Exhibit Roberts Emails, # 3 Exhibit Hog Emails, # 4 Exhibit Bear Emails, # 5 Exhibit Auction Emails, # 6 Exhibit Beaver Emails, # 7 Exhibit Lyerly Emails, # 8 Exhibit Ipock Letter)(Ipock, Charles) (Entered: 08/19/2021)
2021-08-2035TEXT ORDER: Defendant United States Department of Agriculture shall file a short reply to Plaintiff's Supplemental Briefing in Response to Defendant's Vaughn Index no later than Wednesday, August 25, 2021. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 8/20/2021. (tmcb, ) (Entered: 08/20/2021)
2021-08-2536REPLY by United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency to 35 Order, . (Drake, Beth) (Entered: 08/25/2021)
2021-09-1338ORDER: The Court GRANTS Defendant United States Department of Agriculture - Farm Service Agency's [ECF No. 25 ] motion for summary judgment. Plaintiff Benjamin T. Ziegler's [ECF No. 24 ] motion for summary judgment is DENIED. This case is hereby DISMISSED with prejudice. Signed by Chief Judge R Bryan Harwell on 9/10/2021.(hcic, ) (Entered: 09/13/2021)
2021-09-1339SUMMARY JUDGMENT is entered by the Clerk and this case is dismissed with prejudice. (hcic, ) (Entered: 09/13/2021)
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