Case Detail
Case Title | CITIZENS FOR RESPONSIBILITY AND ETHICS IN WASHINGTON v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
District | District of Columbia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
City | Washington, DC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case Number | 1:2005cv02078 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Filed | 2005-10-24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Closed | 2009-09-29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Judge | Judge Emmet G. Sullivan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plaintiff | CITIZENS FOR RESPONSIBILITY AND ETHICS IN WASHINGTON | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case Description | Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington submitted two FOIA requests to the Department of Justice for records concerning the government's proposed penalty for the tobacco litigation. The agency acknowledged receipt of the requests, but after hearing nothing further from the agency, CREW filed suit. Complaint issues: Failure to respond within statutory time limit, Litigation - Attorney's fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Documents | Docket Complaint Complaint attachment 1 Opinion/Order [16] FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Emmet Sullivan has allowed Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington to depose several officials at the Justice Department concerning why the agency took so long to expedite the organization's July 2005 FOIA requests concerning the government's proposed penalties in litigation against the tobacco industry. CREW made requests to the Office of Information and Privacy and the Civil Division, asking for expedited processing and a fee waiver. The Civil Division granted expedited processing for the request it received, but OIP denied expedition for the request sent directly to its office. CREW appealed OIP's denial to the Office of Public Affairs, which subsequently granted the expedition request. As to the fee waiver request, the Civil Division quickly denied the request and CREW appealed the denial to OIP. In January 2006, OIP denied the fee waiver request pertaining to the FOIA request it had received and also affirmed the Civil Division's denial of a fee waiver for the request sent to that office. CREW told Sullivan that there was sufficient evidence of bad faith on the part of the agency to justify further discovery as to why it took so long to process the expedited request. CREW made three specific allegations â€" that OIP had failed to explain why it took nearly five months to exhaust the statutory grant of two free hours of search time, that OIP had taken far too long to resolve its fee waiver request, and that agency statistics on response times for expedited processing indicated that Justice had taken substantially longer than the average processing time for such requests. The agency responded that the delay was caused by CREW's failure to narrow its broad request; its unwillingness to commit to pay fees, which was estimated to be more than $90,000 for the Civil Division's search; that all responsive records located so far were protected by exemptions; and that CREW was really trying to attack the agency's handling of the tobacco litigation. Saying that he was "troubled" by all the allegations raised by CREW, Sullivan indicated that he would allow the organization to depose four Justice Department officials for a total of five hours. He then turned to an explanation of his decision, starting first with questions concerning why the search took so long. He noted that OIP had sent the request to three offices, that the Office of the Attorney General had indicated on Sept. 16 that it had completed its search by finding no records, that the Office of the Assistant Attorney General reported it had found no records on Nov. 1, and that the Office of the Deputy Attorney General also reported finding no records by Dec. 22. However, CREW was not told of the results until Jan. 16. Sullivan observed that "the Court is troubled by the fact that a mere two hour search that started in August took several months to complete, and why the government waited until mid-January, 2006, to advise plaintiff of the results of the search, especially since CREW's FOIA request were granted expedited processing." He said the agency had not provided a sufficient answer and that, further, the agency instead blamed CREW by explaining that "an interim response advising plaintiff of the status of its FOIA requests would have been provided earlier, but for the fact that plaintiff filed this instant action and resources had to be reallocated to defend the lawsuit." Sullivan responded by noting that "the Court is not persuaded that plaintiff's requests, which were granted expedited processing, were handled in such a manner, nor was the plaintiff advised of the progress of its requests in a time sensitive manner. Because the government has not provided any evidence to show that the two hours of free search time were handled in an expedited manner, the Court finds that a sufficient question has been raised as to the propriety of its conduct to warrant limited discovery." CREW then introduced statistics from the agency's annual FOIA reports on average response times for expedited processing, which ranged from a high of 136 days to a low of 9 days, depending on the office. Pointing out that CREW's fee waiver request was denied by the Civil Division 210 days after receipt of the request and by OIP 206 days after receipt, Sullivan observed that "the time periods for processing plaintiff's fee waiver requests exceed the median processing time reflected in the statistics for years 2000 to 2004. Thus, the time periods for actually producing responsive documents would greatly exceed the median time for processing expedited FOIA requests." The government responded to Sullivan's concerns by claiming the requests were "atypical," but, Sullivan noted, "when the court inquired of the government how it can be sure that this case is 'atypical,' the government admitted that it did not know. In fact, the government counsel conceded that she had not even looked at the statistics because she considered them to be largely irrelevant." Sullivan pointed out that he found "the government's dismissive view of the statistical evidence troubling. The crux of the government's argument is that there is nothing unusual or out of the ordinary in the amount of time it has taken to process CREW's two FOIA requests. However, its own annual statistics submitted to Congress belie that argument. The statistics clearly show that the time it has taken the government to process CREW's two expedited requests has been much longer than the average period of time it has taken to process expedited requests during the past five years. The Court does not find such evidence irrelevant. To the contrary, the evidence is quite relevant and informative as to what constitutes the average or ordinary period of time for processing expedited requests." He added that "when the Court inquired as to what makes CREW's requests extraordinary compared to the FOIA requests cited in DOJ's reports, the government could not provide an adequate response. In fact, the government has not presented any comparative evidence at all to demonstrate the extraordinary nature of CREW's requests, including no evidence as to the number of responsive documents involved in the FOIA requests cited in its annual statistical reports to Congress. . . The government's own statistics indicate that the processing of CREW's requests has been anything but ordinary and normal, and the paucity of evidence proffered by the government to show otherwise raises a question as to whether the government has been diligent and expeditious in complying with its FOIA obligations." Turning to the fee waiver question, Sullivan observed that the government again blamed CREW for the delay because it refused to commit to fees above two hours of free search time. Sullivan, however, noting that the agency took nearly seven months to deny CREW's fee waiver request, indicated that "the government can hardly fault CREW for failing to pay and holding up the search process when it actually held up the process by not adjudicating CREW's fee waiver request and appeal in an expeditious manner. After all, the cost of continuing the search was over $90,000, and as already recognized, CREW is a non-profit organization." Sullivan was also skeptical about the government's claim that the OIP attorney handling the appeal of the Civil Division's denial of CREW's fee waiver request was swamped with other FOIA-related work. He noted that "the government does not specify exactly how many other fee waiver appeals the senior counsel was handling and how many of those appeals involved requests that were granted expedited processing." He added that "the Court is not persuaded by the government's argument that CREW is to blame for the delay for not paying up front for its FOIA requests. The ball was in the government's court with regard to CREW's fee waiver requests and it was the government that took seven months to decide the fee waiver issue." As a rule, discovery is not granted in FOIA cases and Sullivan's decision to do so makes this case unusual for that aspect alone. But, in the inside baseball world of FOIA, this case is also interesting because CREW's attorney is Anne Weisman, who for a number of years was the Justice Department attorney responsible for much of the government's FOIA litigation. As a result of her experience within the government, Weisman is likely to know quite a bit about how requests are actually processed and brings a unique perspective to litigating such cases against her former agency.
Opinion/Order [59]Issues: Litigation - Discovery, Expedited processing FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Emmet Sullivan has ruled that CREW is entitled to a fee waiver for its request to the Justice Department pertaining to the government's decision to reduce the monetary penalty request in its litigation against the tobacco industry. Justice took the position that the fee waiver provision applied only to disclosable records and that because most of the responsive records were "virtually inherently protected" by various privileges, the amount of disclosable information would be negligible. Sullivan rejected the agency's premise and noted instead that "fee-waiver requests are evaluated based on the face of the request, not on the possibility of eventual exemption from disclosure. Exceptions to this standard of review are made only where information is 'patently exempt' on the face of the request. Because the requested information was not patently exempt from disclosure, CREW's request should have been evaluated on its face. The DOJ's failure to do so was improper, as it based its rejection of CREW's request on the likelihood of later exemptions, a factor not controlling under the terms of FOIA." DOJ had told CREW that its request was too "ephemeral" to contribute to public understanding. But Sullivan indicated that "given the well-publicized nature of and interest in the reduction of fees in the tobacco litigation, an interest that formed the basis of CREW's request, the contention that information on this issue would inform the public understanding is not such a bare allegation as to warrant rejection by this Court. Moreover, the information was not already publicly available, as made clear by DOJ's claims of eligibility for exemption." DOJ cited "the presence of the term 'disclosure' in FOIA's fee-waiver provision for its argument that only materials actually disclosed are relevant for purposes of fee-waiver eligibility." But Sullivan noted that "the Court finds this interpretation to be incompatible with prior case law at best and disingenuous at worst." To accept DOJ's interpretation would create "a rule never before articulated and [would ignore] the [existing] case law standing for the opposite proposition." He added that "the Court, however, is not persuaded that 'disclosure' in the statute speaks to anything other than a necessary assessment of whether or not the request seeks documents that, if disclosed, would be in the public interest." Sullivan acknowledged the 'patently exempt' exception, but pointed out that "the patently exempt standard sets a high bar for denial of a fee waiver, and the DOJ has not advanced any arguments that CREW's request ought to be excluded as patently exempt under any of the three privileges it deems applicable." Sullivan explained that, since judicial review of a fee waiver denial was based on the administrative record, allowing the agency to base its denial on future exemption claims would deprive requesters of "the opportunity to challenge an actual decision by the DOJ to withhold specific information." He added that "basing eligibility for a fee waiver on likely exemption from disclosure would improperly invert the burden of proof, putting the burden on the plaintiff to prove the validity of its request for documents when the burden should rest with the agency." Sullivan observed that "refusing a fee waiver on grounds of potential ineligibility for disclosure would force CREW to make a payment before the claimed exemptions were ever tested in court. The Court is troubled by the potential deterrent effect that result could have with regard to requesters like CREW 'testing the bounds of FOIA exemptions,' and by the consequent ability of the agency to obtain results based on assertions of privilege that have not yet been tried. While some records may be withheld lawfully under FOIA, the determination of what will actually be disclosed is not properly part of the initial inquiry into whether a fee waiver is applicable." DOJ supported its conclusion that CREW's request was ephemeral by pointing out that the public interest group had failed to cite a D.C. Circuit decision in the tobacco litigation limiting the agency's ability to seek certain remedies and instead basing its request on allegations made in the media. Rejecting that argument, Sullivan indicated that "CREW limited its request to documents surrounding the tobacco litigation, a particular agency action. Moreover, CREW supported its specific request for information by reference to news reports casting doubt on the propriety of the reduction in penalties. By justifying its desire to know about the penalty reduction in that way, CREW did more than make 'bare assertions of malfeasance.'" He observed that "there is no bright-line test or a sufficient showing of informative value. However, given CREW's specific motives and goals, the Court is satisfied that it has made its request with enough specificity to show informative value to the public." Noting both the public nature of the tobacco litigation and the lack of public access to these records, Sullivan indicated that "the Court is persuaded that the significance of any additional information is likely to be high, regardless of whether the documents uncover any wrongdoing." Finally, Sullivan rejected DOJ's claim that it could require CREW to submit an advance payment because the fees were estimated at more than $250. He pointed out that "however, that requirement is one to which a fee waiver logically applies. Therefore, the up-front fee must be waived upon meeting other requirements for a fee waiver."
Issues: Public Interest Fee Waiver - Shed light on government activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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