Case Detail
Case Title | JAMES MADISON PROJECT et al v. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE et al | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
District | District of Columbia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
City | Washington, DC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case Number | 1:2017cv00144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Filed | 2017-01-23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Closed | 2019-03-11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Judge | Judge Amit P. Mehta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plaintiff | JAMES MADISON PROJECT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plaintiff | JOSH GERSTEIN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case Description | The James Madison Project and reporter Josh Gerstein submitted FOIA requests to the FBI, the CIA, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the National Security Agency for records concerning the two-page synopsis given to President Donald Trump with respect to allegations that the Russian government had compromising information about him, any determination regarding the accuracy of the allegations, and any investigative files used to make such a determination. JMP and Gerstein also requested expedited processing from each agency. After hearing nothing further concerning their requests for expedited processing, JMP and Gerstein filed suit. Complaint issues: Failure to respond within statutory time limit, Expedited processing, Litigation - Attorney's fees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | OFFICE OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appeal | D.C. Circuit 18-5014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Documents | Docket Complaint Complaint attachment 1 Complaint attachment 2 Complaint attachment 3 Complaint attachment 4 Complaint attachment 5 Complaint attachment 6 Complaint attachment 7 Complaint attachment 8 Opinion/Order [36] FOIA Project Annotation: In the first court assessment of what role President Donald Trump's tweets play in constituting an official acknowledgment of documents, Judge Amit Mehta has concluded that while Trump's tweets constitute public statements of the President, they may bear little or no relevance as to whether they serve to confirm their contents. While Mehta's assessment hinges on the extent to which Trump's tweets specifically identify documents under the official acknowledgment doctrine, one implication of his ruling is that Trump's tweets are frequently divorced from any relationship to actual government policy that may be revealed through the existence of records. The case involved a request by the James Madison Project and Politico reporter Josh Gerstein for a copy of the two-page synopsis of the 35-page Steele Dossier containing allegations that Russia had compromising personal and financial information about Trump, that was given to Trump in January 2017. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the CIA, and the National Security Agency all told JMP and Gerstein that they had the Synopsis but refused to disclose it. The three agencies also issued a Glomar response, neither confirming nor denying the existence of records, concerning any final determinations regarding the allegations in the Steele Dossier. The FBI issued a Glomar response, declining to confirm the existence of the synopsis as well. JMP and Gerstein then filed suit, claiming that various public statements made by Trump, as well as statements made by former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper and former FBI Director James Comey constituted an official acknowledgment of the existence of the records that waived the agencies' ability to rely on a Glomar response. Mehta agreed with the government that the official acknowledgment standard first enunciated in Fitzgibbon v. CIA, 911 F.2d 755 (D.C. Cir. 1990), required that the information requested must be as specific as the information previously disclosed, that the information must match the information previously disclosed, and that the disclosure must have been made through an official and documented disclosure. JMP and Gerstein argued for a more lenient standard where a plaintiff "must point to official disclosures that warrant a 'logical and plausible' inference as to the existence or nonexistence of the requested records." Mehta responded that "to the extent Plaintiffs contend that Fitzgibbon's three-part test does not apply in the Glomar context, they are mistaken. The D.C. Circuit consistently has applied Fitzgibbon's three prongs to evaluate a claim of 'official acknowledgment' in the Glomar context." He explained that "ultimately then, to overcome an agency's Glomar response when relying on an official acknowledgement, 'the requesting plaintiff must pinpoint an agency record that both matches the plaintiff's request and has been publicly and officially acknowledged by the agency.'" He rejected JMP and Gerstein's claim that the more recent D.C. Circuit decision in ACLU v. CIA, 710 F.3d 422 (D.C. Cir. 2013), found that Glomar responses could be judged based on whether they were "logical or plausible." Instead, he pointed out that "in the Glomar context, the specificity requirement concerns the 'fit' between thee particular records sought and the records that are the subject of the public official statements." He noted that "the 'logical nor plausible' language of ACLU, by contrast, is used to evaluate an agency's justification for invoking a FOIA exemption to withhold records or issue a Glomar response," and added that "while ACLU establishes a standard relevant to the Glomar context, it does not displace the specificity requirement of Fitzgibbon." JMP and Gerstein claimed that a number of Trump's tweets confirmed the existence of the records, as well as statements made by Clapper and Comey both before and after they left the government. JMP, Gerstein, and the government all agreed that Trump's tweets constituted presidential statements. In addition to the tweets, the plaintiffs also relied on various interviews Trump gave to the media, Trump's termination letter to Comey, and statements made by White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders. JMP and Gerstein also offered testimony by Comey before the House Select Committee on Intelligence before his termination and testimony given to the Senate Intelligence Committee after his termination. Mehta agreed that Comey's testimony before his termination constituted an official statement of the FBI but pointed out that "statements made after leaving government service, however, are a different matter. They do not constitute official statements and, therefore, cannot be treated as an official acknowledgement of the existence of a record." JMP and Gerstein argued that Comey's statement after his termination lent context to statements Trump had already made. But Mehta declined to broaden the scope that far, noting instead that "the official statement must stand on its own �" it either rises to the level of a public acknowledgement or it does not." As to Clapper's statements, Mehta recognized that a press release issued before Clapper resigned constituted an official statement, but that comments Clapper made after he resigned did not. Mehta found Trump's statements did not reveal that he had received the synopsis. Even in an interview with the New York Times, Mehta observed, "the President did not say that Director Comey presented him with the Synopsis. This is not hair-splitting. Distinguishing between [the Dossier and the Synopsis] is critical, for the D.C. Circuit's decision in Wolf [v. CIA, 473 F.3d 370 (D.C. Cir. 2007] teaches that the record demanded must 'match' exactly the record that is publicly acknowledged." He pointed out that the "official acknowledgment standard is not a 'surely the agency must have it' standard. The official statements themselves must 'leave no doubt' that the agency possesses the requested records. Here, the President acknowledged in his New York Times interview that, at most, he received some information about the Dossier's contents from Director Comey. . .It does not inexorably follow [from Trump's comments], however, that the FBI possesses the Synopsis. To be sure, a document purported to be the Dossier is in the public domain, and the media has reported on some of its more salacious allegations, but no official statement from any authoritative source has revealed its precise contents." JMP and Gerstein asked Mehta to apply a 'presumption of regularity' to the President's statements and tweets" and to "presume that, when he addresses the public, the President is properly discharging his official duties and relying on 'official U.S. Government information' to do so." Mehta found that none of Trump's tweets went so far as to actually identify the existence of records for purposes of the official acknowledgement standard, but he agreed with the plaintiffs that it was difficult to understand how to view his various tweets. Referring to a tweet in which Trump accused Huma Abedin of disclosing secure protocols on her laptop, Mehta observed that "applying Plaintiff's logic to this tweet, the court would have to find that federal law enforcement agencies had determined that [Abedin] gave foreign agents classified passwords and that documents exist to support that conclusion. But no reasonable jurist would so hold based on the President's tweet alone. To be sure, a presidential tweet could satisfy the stringent requirements of the official acknowledgement doctrine. But it does not follow that just because a tweet is an 'official' statement of the President that its substance is necessarily grounded in information contained in government records."
Opinion/Order [49]Issues: Public domain, Determination - Glomar response FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Amit Mehta has ruled that the Trump-approved declassification of two conflicting memos from the House Intelligence Committee â€" one written by chair Devin Nunes (R-CA) and the other by ranking minority member Adam Schiff (D-CA) â€" constitute public acknowledgement that the FBI had a copy of the Steele Dossier and had briefed Trump on the allegations while he was President-elect. Mehta admitted that he was caught in a procedural bind because the James Madison Project and Politico reporter Josh Gerstein had already appealed Mehta's earlier ruling that Trump's tweets as of that time did not provide public acknowledgement that the FBI had briefed Trump on the contents of the Dossier to the D.C. Circuit. Having done that, Mehta no longer had jurisdiction over the case until the D.C. Circuit had considered it. But because of the intervening events pertaining to the disclosure of the Nunes and Schiff memos, he agreed to address how he would rule if the case was remanded by the D.C. Circuit. This time, as he had done a few weeks earlier in a case involving a libel suit brought against BuzzFeed for revealing the contents of the Dossier, he indicated that the Nunes and Schiff memos constituted public acknowledgement of the role played by the FBI in assessing the allegations in the Dossier. The Nunes memo confirmed that former FBI Director James Comey briefed President-elect Trump regarding a summary of the Steele Dossier. Mehta observed that "it is true that the Nunes Memo does not use the word 'synopsis.' But that is not fatal. The context in which the official acknowledgement was made leads to the obvious inference that the FBI possesses the two-page synopsis Plaintiffs seek. Is it reasonable to conclude that the synopsis does not exist or that the FBI does not possess it, even though the FBI has, in the words of the Nunes Memo, undertaken a 'rigorous process to vet allegations from Steele's reporting?' Of course not. No reasonable person would accept as plausible that the nation's top law enforcement agency does not have the two-page synopsis in light of these officially acknowledged facts of its actions." JMP and Gerstein has also requested any evidence that the FBI had attempted to validate Steele's claims. The Justice Department argued that neither the Nunes nor the Schiff memo actually confirmed what steps the FBI took. Mehta found that position untenable. He pointed out that "it is simply not plausible to believe that, to whatever extent the FBI has made efforts to verify Steele's reporting, some portion of that work has not been devoted to allegations that made their way into the synopsis. After all, if the reporting was important enough to brief the President-elect, then surely the FBI thought enough of those key charges to attempt to verify their accuracy." Having rejected the FBI's ability to issue a Glomar response, Mehta pointed out that finding did not prevent the intelligence agencies that were not identified in the Nunes or Schiff memos from issuing a Glomar response. He noted that "the court does not read Circuit precedent to go so far as to say that the President's acknowledgement of the existence of records by one agency categorically precludes every part of the Executive Branch from asserting a Glomar response. Rather, if an official acknowledgment is limited to a single component of the Executive Branch, as is the case here, other unrelated components may still invoke Glomar."
Issues: Determination - Glomar response | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User-contributed Documents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Docket Events (Hide) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|