Case Detail
Case Title | PROTECT DEMOCRACY PROJECT, INC. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE et al | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
District | District of Columbia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
City | Washington, DC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case Number | 1:2017cv00842 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Filed | 2017-05-08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Closed | 2018-08-27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Judge | Judge Christopher R. Cooper | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plaintiff | PROTECT DEMOCRACY PROJECT, INC. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case Description | The Project Democracy Project submitted FOIA requests to the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense, and the Department of State for records concerning the legal authority for the missile attack on Syria. The Project also requested expedited processing and a fee waiver. The agencies acknowledged receipt of the request. The State Department denied the Project's request for a fee waiver, but otherwise none of the agencies responded to the Project's requests for expedited processing or a fee waiver. After hearing nothing further from any of the agencies, the Protect Democracy Project filed suit. Complaint issues: Failure to respond within statutory time limit, Adequacy - Search, Litigation - Vaughn index, Public Interest Fee Waiver, Litigation - Attorney's fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defendant | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Documents | Docket Complaint Complaint attachment 1 Complaint attachment 2 Complaint attachment 3 Complaint attachment 4 Complaint attachment 5 Complaint attachment 6 Complaint attachment 7 Complaint attachment 8 Complaint attachment 9 Complaint attachment 10 Complaint attachment 11 Complaint attachment 12 Complaint attachment 13 Complaint attachment 14 Complaint attachment 15 Complaint attachment 16 Complaint attachment 17 Opinion/Order [14] FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Christopher Cross has ruled that the Department of Defense and the Department of State improperly denied a request by the Protect Democracy Project for expedited processing of its request for the legal basis supporting the Tomahawk cruise missile strike against Syria in retaliation for allegedly using chemical gas, but that the agencies are not required to commit to processing the requests by a date certain. The Protect Democracy Project requested the records from Defense, State, and the Justice Department. It requested expedited processing from all three agencies. Justice granted expedited processing but Defense and State denied the request. The Protect Democracy Project then filed suit against all three agencies, asking Cooper to order the agencies to complete its requests by a date certain. Cooper first found that Protect Democracy was primarily engaged in disseminating information. He then pointed out that Protect Democracy had shown that the Syrian airstrikes were a matter of current exigency, noting that "as evidence that they were justified [in making the claim of exigency], one need look no further than the widespread media attention �" including by some of the nation's most prominent news outlets �" paid both to the April 6 strike and its legality, as early as the date of Protect Democracy's requests." Cooper added that "if production is unduly delayed, both Protect Democracy and the public at large will be 'precluded. . .from obtaining in a timely fashion information vital to the current and ongoing debate surrounding the legality of' a high-profile government action �" namely, military strikes against the Syrian government. Being closed off from such a debate is itself a harm in an open democracy." Cooper explained that "the recent escalation in hostilities between U.S. and Syria, plus indications from the White House that another chemical weapons attack may be in the offing, make it more likely that irreparable harm will result without expedited processing of Protect Democracy's requests . . .That is especially so, here, where the use of military force is implicated." But having granted Protect Democracy's request for expedited processing, Cooper observed that the relief available under the expedited processing provision was limited. He pointed out that "in cases where expedited processing has been granted, it follows that the district court's supervision will aim to ensure that the agency is processing a request with 'due diligence' and as quickly 'as practicable.' But there is no reason to assume that any request processed in less than twenty days has failed to meet that standard." He indicated that "it cannot be said, however, that there will be irreparable harm if the requested information is not released within, say, twenty days." He added that "requiring production by a date certain, without any factual basis for doing so, might actually disrupt FOIA's expedited processing regime rather than implement it." He concluded that "the Court will direct Defendants to process Protect Democracy's requests on an expedited basis, but will stop short, at this juncture at least, of ordering production by a date certain."
Opinion/Order [44]Issues: Expedited processing - Time limit, Expedited processing - Compelling Need FOIA Project Annotation: Judge Christopher Cooper has ruled that 15 documents prepared by the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense, and the Department of State pertaining to the legal basis for the missile strikes President Donald Trump approved against Syria in April 2017 following reports that Syria had used chemical weapons against civilians are protected by Exemption 5 (privileges), although he found that the privilege had been waived as to one talking-point included in a memo on how to address press queries because it had been officially acknowledged. The Protect Democracy Project submitted FOIA requests to DOJ, DOD, and State concerning the legal basis for the attacks. The agencies released some documents in full, some with redactions, and withheld fifteen documents entirely. Cooper decided to review 10 documents containing talking points in camera. As a threshold matter, Protect Democracy argued the agencies had waived the privileges because of public statements made by officials after the strike, and by the subsequent disclosure of an Office of Legal Counsel opinion explaining the legal basis for the strikes. Cooper found that the public statements did not waive any privileges, noting that "none of the cited public statements mentioned the existence of a legal memorandum regarding the strikes, not did any officials publicly state a legal rationale particularized enough that one could expect it to duplicate the analysis of a seven-page interagency memorandum." He added that "nor does the recently released 2018 OLC opinion officially acknowledge the contents of the 2017 memorandum." The 2017 interagency memo was sent to the Deputy Legal Advisor at the National Security Council. As a result, Cooper found the memo protected by the presidential communications privilege. Referring to in re Sealed Case, 121 F.3d 729 (D.C. Cir. 1997), in which the D.C. Circuit discussed the application of the presidential communications privilege, he observed that "it is clear that the Deputy NSC Legal Adviser is the sort of staff member that the D.C. Circuit had in mind when setting the scope of the privilege." Protect Democracy argued that the agencies had failed to show what role the memo had on the President's decision. Cooper acknowledged the lack of detail but pointed out that "the government need not make a particularized showing about the role of a certain document in the President's decision." He explained that "even if the legal analysis in the memorandum was not communicated to the President, the circumstances of its solicitation â€" by the staff of a close national security adviser leading up to an important military decision â€" shows that the document was created for the purposes of advising the President on that decision." Protect Democracy contended that the talking points could not be predecisional or deliberative because they were created after the air strike. Cooper disagreed, noting that "courts have generally found that documents created in anticipation of press inquiries are protected even if crafted after the underlying event about which the press might inquire. The idea is that these sorts of documents reflect deliberation about the decision of how to respond to the press â€" or, as relevant in this case, to members of Congress." Protect Democracy argued that the government had waived the privilege by public statements made by various officials. Instead, Cooper found all but one section of the disputed talking point memos was privileged. As to that section, he pointed out that "at least one government official has, in an on-the-record statement, replicated a paragraph that appears in several of the guidance documents. Even though the agencies' formulation of this explanatory paragraph would otherwise be protected by the deliberative process privilege and thus covered by Exemption 5, the government's official acknowledgement renders the exemption inapplicable."
Issues: Exemption 5 - Privileges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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