Case Detail

FOIA Project Annotation: Judge James Boasberg has ruled that documentary filmmaker Kohl Harrington is not entitled to a summary judgment requiring the FDA to respond to his multiple FOIA requests for records on pet food that were submitted to the Center for Veterinary Medicine. While Harrington had bombarded CVM with more than 20 FOIA requests, his summary judgment motion concerned the two remaining requests from a series of eight requests he had submitted in the spring of 2020. In the process of responding to Harrington's eight requests, CVM processed and produced more than 7,000 pages and a number of videos. Boasberg noted that Harrington had not filed any substantive motion opposing the agency's proposal to pause processing of the remaining requests for 60 days to allow CVM to shift its limited resources to concentrate on completing the two outstanding requests, a process CVM estimated would be completed in March 2023. Boasberg began his analysis by noting that "the issue for the Court to decide is simple: is FDA's timeline for processing Harrington's FOIA requests reasonable? For two independent reasons, the answer is yes." He explained that "first, by opting not to file a reply and not addressing the issue in his Motion, the Court may treat the Plaintiff as conceding any objection to FDA's proposed production schedule." Continuing, Boasberg noted that "second, even if Plaintiff had properly objected to FDA's timeline, the agency has the better argument on the merits. While courts in this district have exercised that discretion in somewhat different ways depending on the facts and posture of the case, they have largely coalesced around the proper considerations that inform a reasonable determination. . .For instance, courts have looked to the volume of requests an agency faces, how much requests to the agency have increased in recent years, the resources and capacity of the agency, other FOIA litigation in which the agency is involved, the agency's release policies, and how ordering swifter production would affect other FOIA requesters patiently waiting their turn." Boasberg indicated that "here, not only has FDA already fulfilled six of Harrington's eight requests, but he has himself to blame for the remaining production schedule: to promptly obtain the outstanding records, all he needs to do is ask the agency to shift its resources. Against this backdrop, it is reasonable for FDA to ask Plaintiff to choose how he wishes his various requests to be prioritized. If that were not the case, a single requester could hobble an agency and stymie all other FOIA requesters, all without satisfying the statutory criteria for expedited processing." Boasberg concluded that "in sum, even if Plaintiff is correct that FDA did not make a timely 'determination' â€" which does not require an agency to 'actually produce the documents within the relevant time period' â€" he has not put forth any compelling reason to conclude that FDA's proposed production schedule is unlawful."
Issues: Delay - Stay of proceedings

Date Filed	Doc #	Docket Text
2020-07-14	1	COMPLAINT against FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ( Filing fee $ 400 receipt number ADCDC-7336221) filed by KOHL HARRINGTON. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1-5, # 2 Exhibit 6-10, # 3 Exhibit 11-13, # 4 Civil Cover Sheet, # 5 Summons)(Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 07/14/2020)
2020-07-14	2	NOTICE of Appearance by Merrick Jason Wayne on behalf of KOHL HARRINGTON (Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 07/14/2020)
2020-07-14	3	NOTICE of Appearance by Matthew Topic on behalf of KOHL HARRINGTON (Topic, Matthew) (Entered: 07/14/2020)
2020-07-15		Case Assigned to Judge James E. Boasberg. (adh, ) (Entered: 07/15/2020)
2020-07-15	4	SUMMONS (4) Issued Electronically as to FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (Attachment: # 1 Notice and Consent)(adh, ) (Entered: 07/15/2020)
2020-08-24	5	NOTICE of Appearance by Robert Aaron Caplen on behalf of All Defendants (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 08/24/2020)
2020-08-24	6	ANSWER to Complaint by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1)(Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 08/24/2020)
2020-08-24		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ORDERS that the parties shall confer and submit a joint proposed briefing schedule by September 8, 2020. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 8/24/2020. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 08/24/2020)
2020-08-24		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Proposed Briefing Schedule due by 9/8/2020. (znbn) (Entered: 08/25/2020)
2020-09-04	7	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 09/04/2020)
2020-09-04		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 7 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by October 9, 2020. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 9/4/2020. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 09/04/2020)
2020-09-04		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 10/9/2020. (znbn) (Entered: 09/08/2020)
2020-09-24	8	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION served on 7/22/2020 (Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 09/24/2020)
2020-09-24	9	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES served on 7/22/2020 (Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 09/24/2020)
2020-09-24	10	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed on United States Attorney General. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney General 7/23/2020. (Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 09/24/2020)
2020-09-24	11	RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed as to the United States Attorney. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney on 7/23/2020. Answer due for ALL FEDERAL DEFENDANTS by 8/22/2020. (Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 09/24/2020)
2020-10-09	12	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 10/09/2020)
2020-10-09		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 12 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by October 23, 2020. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 10/9/2020. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 10/09/2020)
2020-10-09		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 10/23/2020. (znbn) (Entered: 10/09/2020)
2020-10-23	13	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 10/23/2020)
2020-10-23		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 13 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by November 12, 2020. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 10/23/2020. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 10/23/2020)
2020-10-23		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 11/12/2020. (znbn) (Entered: 10/26/2020)
2020-11-12	14	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 11/12/2020)
2020-11-12		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 14 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by December 14, 2020. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 11/12/2020. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 11/12/2020)
2020-11-12		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 12/14/2020. (znbn) (Entered: 11/16/2020)
2020-12-14	15	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 12/14/2020)
2020-12-14		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 15 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by January 14, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 12/14/2020. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 12/14/2020)
2020-12-14		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 1/14/2021. (nbn) (Entered: 12/15/2020)
2021-01-14	16	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 01/14/2021)
2021-01-15		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 16 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by February 12, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 1/15/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 01/15/2021)
2021-01-15		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 2/12/2021. (nbn) (Entered: 01/15/2021)
2021-02-12	17	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 02/12/2021)
2021-02-12		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 17 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by February 26, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 2/12/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 02/12/2021)
2021-02-12		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 2/26/2021. (znbn) (Entered: 02/12/2021)
2021-02-26	18	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 02/26/2021)
2021-02-26		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ORDERS that a telephonic status hearing is set for March 5, 2021, at 11 a.m. Chambers will contact the parties with access instructions. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 2/26/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 02/26/2021)
2021-02-26		Set/Reset Hearings: Status Conference set for 3/5/2021 at 11:00 AM in Telephonic/VTC before Judge James E. Boasberg. (nbn) (Entered: 03/01/2021)
2021-03-03	19	MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice :Attorney Name- Josh Loevy, Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ADCDC-8272514. Fee Status: Fee Paid. by KOHL HARRINGTON. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(Topic, Matthew) (Entered: 03/03/2021)
2021-03-03	20	DECLARATION Corrected by KOHL HARRINGTON. (Topic, Matthew) (Entered: 03/03/2021)
2021-03-03		MINUTE ORDER DENYING 19 Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice of JOSH LOEVY without prejudice. Counsel's declaration must include a certification that he either has or has not been disciplined by any bar, and if he has been disciplined by any bar, the circumstances and details of the discipline. See LCvR 83.2(d). So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 3/3/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 03/03/2021)
2021-03-03	21	MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice :Attorney Name- Josh Loevy, Fee Status: No Fee Paid. by KOHL HARRINGTON. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(Topic, Matthew) (Entered: 03/03/2021)
2021-03-04		MINUTE ORDER GRANTING 21 Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice of JOSH LOEVY. Counsel should register for e-filing via PACER and file a notice of appearance pursuant to LCvR 83.6(a). Click for instructions . So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 3/4/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 03/04/2021)
2021-03-05		Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge James E. Boasberg: Status Conference held on 3/5/2021. Order forthcoming. (Court Reporter Lisa Griffith) (nbn) (Entered: 03/05/2021)
2021-03-05		MINUTE ORDER: As discussed in today's status hearing, the Court ORDERS that: 1) The parties shall submit another JSR by April 12, 2021; and 2) Such report shall, absent compelling reasons why it cannot be done, describe the number of documents responsive to requests 1-6 and propose a rate for their production, and it shall also describe efforts regarding requests 7-8. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 3/5/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 03/05/2021)
2021-03-05		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 4/12/2021. (nbn) (Entered: 03/05/2021)
2021-03-30	22	NOTICE of Appearance by Joshua Loevy on behalf of KOHL HARRINGTON (Loevy, Joshua) (Main Document 22 replaced on 4/1/2021) (znmw). (Entered: 03/30/2021)
2021-04-12	23	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 04/12/2021)
2021-04-13		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 23 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by June 17, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 4/13/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 04/13/2021)
2021-04-13		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 6/17/2021. (znbn) (Entered: 04/14/2021)
2021-06-17	24	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 06/17/2021)
2021-06-21		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ORDERS that the parties shall submit a further Joint Status Report by September 17, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 6/21/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 06/21/2021)
2021-06-21		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 9/17/2021. (znbn) (Entered: 06/21/2021)
2021-06-24	25	NOTICE of Appearance by Kathleene A. Molen on behalf of All Defendants (Molen, Kathleene) (Entered: 06/24/2021)
2021-09-17	26	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Molen, Kathleene) (Entered: 09/17/2021)
2021-09-20		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ORDERS that a telephonic status hearing is set for September 28, 2021, at 11 a.m. Chambers will contact the parties with access instructions. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 9/20/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 09/20/2021)
2021-09-20		Set/Reset Hearings: Status Conference set for 9/28/2021 at 11:00 AM in Telephonic/VTC before Judge James E. Boasberg. (znbn) (Entered: 09/22/2021)
2021-09-27		MINUTE ORDER: Given a conflict, the Court ORDERS that the status conference set for September 28, 2021, is VACATED and RESET for September 29, 2021, at 10:30 a.m. The Court apologizes for the late notice. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 9/27/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 09/27/2021)
2021-09-28		Set/Reset Hearings: Status Conference set for 9/29/2021 at 10:30 AM in Telephonic/VTC before Judge James E. Boasberg. (znbn) (Entered: 09/28/2021)
2021-09-29		MINUTE ORDER: As discussed in today's telephonic status hearing, the Court ORDERS that by November 1, 2021, either Plaintiff shall file a motion for summary judgment regarding Counts IV and VI, or, if the parties make progress in resolving their dispute, they shall file a further joint status report. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 9/29/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 09/29/2021)
2021-09-29		Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge James E. Boasberg: Status Conference held on 9/29/2021. Plaintiff shall file Summary Judgment motions or Joint Status Report by 11/1/2021. (Court Reporter Lisa Griffith) (znbn) (Entered: 09/29/2021)
2021-11-01	27	Partial MOTION for Summary Judgment by KOHL HARRINGTON. (Attachments: # 1 Statement of Facts, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(Loevy, Joshua) (Entered: 11/01/2021)
2021-11-02	28	NOTICE OF SUBSTITUTION OF COUNSEL by Dedra Seibel Curteman on behalf of All Defendants Substituting for attorney Kathleene Molen (Curteman, Dedra) (Entered: 11/02/2021)
2021-11-05	29	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 27 Partial MOTION for Summary Judgment by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Curteman, Dedra) (Entered: 11/05/2021)
2021-11-05		MINUTE ORDER GRANTING Consent 29 Motion for Extension of Time. The Court ORDERS that Defendants shall file their opposition on or before December 15, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 11/5/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 11/05/2021)
2021-11-05		Set/Reset Deadlines: Responses due by 12/15/2021. (znbn) (Entered: 11/08/2021)
2021-12-15	30	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to Oppose Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Curteman, Dedra) (Entered: 12/15/2021)
2021-12-15		MINUTE ORDER GRANTING 30 Consent Motion for Extension of Time. The Court ORDERS that Defendants shall file their Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment on or before December 22, 2021. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 12/15/2021. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 12/15/2021)
2021-12-16		Set/Reset Deadlines: Response to Motion for Summary Judgment due by 12/22/2021. (lsj) (Entered: 12/16/2021)
2021-12-21	31	Memorandum in opposition to re 27 Partial MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Exhibit 1 to Kotler Declaration, # 3 Declaration, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(Curteman, Dedra) (Entered: 12/21/2021)
2022-01-20	32	ORDER: The Court ORDERS that: (1) Plaintiff's 27 Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is DENIED; and (2) The parties shall appear via telephone for a status hearing on February 2, 2022, at 11:00 a.m. Signed by Judge James E. Boasberg on 1/20/2022. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 01/20/2022)
2022-01-20	33	MEMORANDUM OPINION re 32 Order on Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge James E. Boasberg on 1/20/2022. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 01/20/2022)
2022-01-20		Set/Reset Hearings: Status Conference set for 2/2/2022 at 11:00 AM in Telephonic/VTC before Judge James E. Boasberg. (nbn) (Entered: 01/20/2022)
2022-02-02		MINUTE ORDER: As discussed in today's status conference, the Court ORDERS that the parties shall submit a joint status report by February 23, 2022. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 2/2/2022. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 02/02/2022)
2022-02-02		Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge James E. Boasberg: Telephonic Status Conference held on 2/2/2022. Joint Status Report due by 2/23/2022. (Court Reporter Lisa Griffith) (nbn) (Entered: 02/02/2022)
2022-02-23	34	Joint STATUS REPORT by KOHL HARRINGTON. (Topic, Matthew) (Entered: 02/23/2022)
2022-02-23		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 34 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by January 12, 2023. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 2/23/2022. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 02/23/2022)
2022-02-23		Set/Reset Deadlines: Status Report due by 1/12/2023. (znbn) (Entered: 02/24/2022)
2023-01-05	35	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Caplen, Robert) (Entered: 01/05/2023)
2023-01-05		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 35 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by February 28, 2023. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 1/5/2023. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 01/05/2023)
2023-01-05		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 2/28/2023. (nbn) (Entered: 01/05/2023)
2023-02-03	36	NOTICE OF SUBSTITUTION OF COUNSEL by Brian J. Levy on behalf of FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Substituting for attorney Robert A. Caplen (Levy, Brian) (Entered: 02/03/2023)
2023-02-27	37	NOTICE of Appearance by Merrick Jason Wayne on behalf of KOHL HARRINGTON (Wayne, Merrick) (Entered: 02/27/2023)
2023-02-28	38	Joint STATUS REPORT by FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. (Levy, Brian) (Entered: 02/28/2023)
2023-02-28		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 38 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by April 25, 2023. So ORDERED by Judge James E. Boasberg on 2/28/2023. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 02/28/2023)
2023-02-28		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 4/25/2023. (nbn) (Entered: 02/28/2023)
2023-04-25	39	Joint STATUS REPORT by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Levy, Brian) (Entered: 04/25/2023)
2023-04-25		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 39 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by June 26, 2023. So ORDERED by Chief Judge James E. Boasberg on 4/25/2023. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 04/25/2023)
2023-04-25		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 6/26/2023. (nbn) (Entered: 04/25/2023)
2023-06-26	40	Joint STATUS REPORT by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Levy, Brian) (Entered: 06/26/2023)
2023-06-26		MINUTE ORDER: The Court ADOPTS the parties' 40 Joint Status Report and ORDERS that they shall file a further joint status report by September 26, 2023. So ORDERED by Chief Judge James E. Boasberg on 6/26/2023. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 06/26/2023)
2023-06-26		Set/Reset Deadlines: Joint Status Report due by 9/26/2023. (nbn) (Entered: 06/26/2023)
2023-08-04	41	STIPULATION of Dismissal by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. (Levy, Brian) (Entered: 08/04/2023)
2023-08-07		MINUTE ORDER: Per the parties' 41 Stipulation, the Court ORDERS that the case is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. So ORDERED by Chief Judge James E. Boasberg on 8/7/2023. (lcjeb1) (Entered: 08/07/2023)
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